Advanced Bioinformatics: Genetic Research
This is the second of a two-part series in NWABR's bioinformatics curriculum, funded by a grant called Bio-ITEST: New Frontiers in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, an Innovative Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers (ITEST) award from the National Science Foundation(NSF). This three-year award provided funding for education outreach programs and curriculum development that help secondary school teachers and their students learn about how information technology is used in biological research.
This curriculum unit explores how bioinformatics is used to perform genetic research. Specifically, the bioinformatics tools of BLAST, ORFinder, ClustalW and Cn3D are used to analyze genetic sequences.
The cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene is introduced as the “DNA barcoding” gene that allows for identification of animal species. Students examine DNA sequences from different animal species, investigate the relationship between protein structure and function, and explore evolutionary relationships among eukaryotic organisms.
The unit concludes with an authentic student research project, sequencing the COI genes from samples obtained through a partnership with the Seattle Aquarium in Seattle, Washington, or samples they collect themselves in the community.
Throughout the unit, students are presented with a number of career options in which the tools of bioinformatics are developed or used. The career lesson near the end of the unit culminates with resume and cover letter writing activities and a mock job interview.
Download the full Unit Overview (PDF). This contains authors and contributors, lesson summaries, instructional requirements, and lesson correlations to National Science Standards and the Next Generation Science Standards.
In order for us to measure how our curriculum resources are being used, please take a moment to contact us and let us know the class or classes in which you're using our lessons. We also welcome feedback about our advanced bioinformatics curriculum. We will not share your contact information with anyone.
Major collaborators include Digital World Biology, EdLab Group, and Shoreline Community College. The program also draws on NWABR’s strong relationships with school districts, community groups, bioethicists and NWABR member research institutions.

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Complete Lesson Plans
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Lesson One: The Process of Genetic Research
Genetic_Research_Lesson1_NWABR.pdf -
PowerPoint for Lesson One
Genetic_Research_Lesson1_Slides_NWABR.ppt -
Lesson Two: DNA Barcoding and the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD)
Genetic_Research_Lesson2_NWABR.pdf -
PowerPoint for Lesson Two
Genetic_Research_Lesson2_Slides_NWABR.ppt -
Lesson Three: Using Bioinformatics to Study Evolutionary Relationships
Genetic_Research_Lesson3_NWABR.pdf -
PowerPoint for Lesson Three
Genetic_Research_Lesson3_Slides_NWABR.ppt -
Lesson Four: Using Bioinformatics to Analyze Protein Sequences
Genetic_Research_Lesson4_NWABR.pdf -
PowerPoint for Lesson Four
Genetic_Research_Lesson4_Slides_NWABR.ppt -
Lesson Five: Protein Structure and Function: A Molecular Murder Mystery
Genetic_Research_Lesson5_NWABR.pdf -
PowerPoint for Lesson Five
Genetic_Research_Lesson5_Slides_NWABR.ppt -
Lesson Six: Genetic Research Unit Assessment: Writing Research Reports
Genetic_Research_Lesson6_NWABR.pdf -
PowerPoint for Lesson Six
Genetic_Research_Lesson6_Slides_NWABR.ppt -
Lesson Seven: Who Should Pay? Funding Research on Rare Genetic Diseases
Genetic_Research_Lesson7_NWABR.pdf -
PowerPoint for Lesson Seven
Genetic_Research_Lesson7_Slides_NWABR.ppt -
Lesson Eight: Exploring Bioinformatics Careers
Genetic_Research_Lesson8_NWABR.pdf -
PowerPoint for Lesson Eight
Genetic_Research_Lesson8_Slides_NWABR.ppt -
Lesson Nine: Analyzing DNA Sequences and DNA Barcoding
Genetic_Research_Lesson9_NWABR.pdf -
PowerPoint for Lesson Nine
Genetic_Research_Lesson9_Slides_NWABR.ppt -
Wet Lab: DNA Barcoding: From Samples to Sequences
Genetic_Research_Wet_Lab_NWABR.pdf -
PowerPoint for Wet Lab
Genetic_Research_Wet_Lab_Slides_NWABR.ppt
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Supporting Materials
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Genetic Research Unit Overview
Genetic_Research_Overview_NWABR.pdf -
Option Pre-Lab Exercise
IntroToMicropipettingJuly2012.pdf -
Genetic Research Unit Appendix
Genetic_Research_Appendix_NWABR.pdf
Resource Materials
PowerPoints to accompany each "Using Bioinformatics: Genetic Research" lesson are found on the "Lessons" page, beside each lesson title.
See our Student Career Center for career profiles, planning resources, and more.
Lesson Two: DNA Barcoding and the Barcode of Life Database
DNA Barcoding Animation. New animation to accomany the advanced bioinformatics curriculum!
Unknown DNA Sequences:
1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10
11 - 12 - 13 - 14 - 15 - 16 - 17 - 18 - 19 - 20
21 - 22 - 23 - 24 - 25 - 26 - 27 - 28 - 29 - 30
Lesson 3: Using Bioinformatics to Study Evolutionary Relationships
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Lesson 4: Using Bioinformatics to Analyze Protein Sequences
| Group Sequences | DNA | Protein | Outgroup (DNA) |
| Group 1: Class Mammalia (Mammals) | DNA | Protein | Outgroup |
| Group 2: Class Aves (Birds) | DNA | Protein | Outgroup |
| Group 3: Class Osteichthyes (Bony Fishes) | DNA | Protein | Outgroup |
| Group 4: Class Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fishes) | DNA | Protein | Outgroup |
| Group 5: Class Reptilia (Reptiles) | DNA | Protein | Outgroup |
Lesson 5: Molecular Murder Mystery
Protein Structures:
Cytochrome c oxidase structure
* To open the "Carl North" file, right click on the link (PC) to save the file to your desktop prior to opening. [For Mac users, click the "Carl North" link, select "Save As," and then save the file to your Desktop]
When opening each file, you may need to click "Open With" and "Browse." Then select "Cn3D" from the program list.
Lesson Six: Assessment: Writing Research Reports
Lesson Nine: Analyzing DNA Sequences and DNA Barcoding
DNA Chromatograms:
Be sure to download BOTH the "F" and "R" sequences for each sample.
Open Chromatograms using Finch TV.
Animations and Videos
"The Mitochondria" by BioVisions at Harvard University. Incredible animation that shows in detail the inner workings of the mitochondria.
Click here for a complete list of biology-related animations (by topics) from MolecularMovies.org, "A Portal to Cell & Molecular Animation."
Biochemistry and Molecular Structure Resources
3D Molecules
Protein Data Bank (PDB)
Search for the protein structures and either print, view online, or download to view with an appropriate plug-in (some of which can be downloaded from the site). Features a "molecule of the month." Also, visit the extensive Educational Resources Section.
NCBI's Structure Page allows you to view structures with a simple view, Cn3D, available for download from the site. It also maintains its own structure database, MMDB, which is a subset of the PDB.
Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Curriculum
Genetic Science Learning Center
Offers many valuable resources for teaching and learning about biotechnology.
Iowa State Biotechnology Resources for Educators
Includes thirteen laboratory activities, curriculum units, and more. Topics include DNA extraction, fingerprinting, bacteria transformation, bioluminescence, plant micro propagation, a PCR activity, and a soybean flavor demonstration.
National Centre for Biotechnology Education (United Kingdom)
NCBE Publications--Download curriculum to teach biotechnology in the classroom, including plant biotechnology and fermentation.
ThinkQuest Genetic Experiments
Use readily available materials to simulate genetic research and develop an understanding of DNA extraction, how enzymes work, probability and heredity pools, individual genetic variations, and chromatography. These experiments can be performed at home or school and come with both text and graphic demonstrations.
Beyond Discovery: The Path from Research to Human Benefit
Real life case studies illustrate how recent medical and technological advances arose from basic laboratory research. Some of the areas covered are Hepatitis B, polymers, designer seeds, and human gene testing.
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center SEP Program Science and Education Links
An extensive collection of science links is available at Dyanna's Picks. The downloadable resource list is especially valuable for Washington State educators.
NCBI
The National Center for Biotechnology Information has links to a wealth of resources for learning about biotechnology, including information on human genome resources, model organisms, and outreach/education. Begin at the "About NCBI" section for a good overview of resources. PubMed is a valuable resource for locating scientific research articles.
Washington Biotechnology and Medical Technology Online
The home page of WBBA, the Washington Biotechnology and Biomedical Association (WBBA), provides information about biosciences in Washington State, as well as Education Materials such as a lab on gel electrophoresis and DNA fingerprinting.
WhyBiotech.Com
An informational site from the Council for Biotechnology Information.
Cell Biology Resources
Biology4Kids: The Cell Biology Pages: These pages cover all major cell organelles in detail with gorgeous color graphics and helpful analogies for understanding cellular functions. Not just for "kids," this site would provide a terrific review for high school students as well.
The Biology Project provides cell biology resources in addition to addressing other aspects of biology. It also offers activities, lesson plans, and tutorials.
Cells Alive provides a wonderful microscopic images of cells. Check out the cell model tutorial and the cell gallery!
NCBI Bookshelf: Search topics directly in the online versions of the classic texts of cell biology,Molecular Biology of the Cell, and Molecular Cell Biology. This is an amazing resource!
Stem Cells
Medline: Latest news on stem cell research from the National Library of Medicine.
PBS Newshour Online: Human Stem Cell Research: After reviewing background and a research interview on this controversial topic, view a three-minute animation on how human stem cells are cultured. Embryonic stem cell issues are debated by medical ethicists.
Science Magazine: Original article on "Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derved From Human Blastocysts" in the October 1998 issue.
Stem Cell Primer from the NIH provides an overview of stem cells and issues related to their growth.
TIME magazine 2001 article on stem cells provides an introduction to the topic at the layperson's level.
Virtual Cell, An Education Index Top Site. Zoom into the cell, cut sections, and learn about different organelles in this highly interactive site.
Neurobiology Resources
Digital Anatomist Interactive Atlas (Neuroanatomy): This is an advanced program provided by the University of Washington that can be taken for credit, used in a classroom, or enjoyed for individual learning purposes. Graphics and photos illuminate many components of the nervous system. Online movies are available for every subject. The overview details how to customize the program, label photos and diagrams, navigate the site, and how to use quiz mode.
Neuroscience for Kids--This home page has been created for all students and teachers who would like to learn more about the nervous system. Enjoy the activities and experiments on your way to learning more about the brain and spinal cord. This includes a scavenger hunt to help familiarize students with the site and nervous system.
Drugs and the Brain
Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington
A Multidisciplinary Center at the University of Washington, whose mission is to support and facilitate research and research dissemination in the field of alcohol and drug abuse. There is information about research being conducted and local clinical trials; in addition, there is an extensive list of links related to drug and alcohol abuse, treatment, and recovery.
American Council for Drug Education
Drug Prevention Lesson Plans
Lesson plans for K-12 grade levels. Each lesson plan describes the objective of the leson, background on the topic, resources and teacher tips, and then the activities to plan for this class time. There are also downloadable PDF files containing activity worksheets.
Tips for Talking About Drugs in the Classroom
Includes appropriate messages and communication strategies for talking to students about drugs.
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
NIDA provides easy-to-use PowerPoint "Slide Teaching Packets" on several topics related to drugs and the brain, including: The Brain and the Actions of Cocaine, Opiates, and Marijuana, The Neurobiology of Drug Addiction, and the Neurobiology of Ecstasy (MDMA). NIDA and NIH also offer a free curriculum supplement called "The Brain: Understanding Neurobiology through the Study of Addiction."
Click through some of the slideshows:
--The Neurobiology of Drug Addiction
--Bringing the Power of Science to Bear on Drug Abuse and Addiction
General Online Resources
Access Excellence is a great site for health and science teachers originally developed by Genetech.
Action Bioscience provides readings and curriculum ideas for topics such as biotechnology, the human genome, and a variety of other topics in biology.
The Biology Project provides activities, lesson plans, and tutorials, especially strong on problem sets, and tutorials.
The DNA Files--Experts and public radio watchdogs explore cutting edge topics in biomedical research.
The Genetics Science Learning Center (GSLC)--The GSLC partnership between scientists and educators produces innovative and effective genetic science learning programs utilizing information from leading-edge research.
The Science Lab offers links to many science-related sites, including science education resources.
Office of Science Education at NIH is an outstanding resource for teachers and students with access to a wealth of free curriculum materials. Be sure to look at the valuable Curriculum Supplements, as well as the "Snapshots of Science and Medicine" newsletter.
The NIH has also created a Women in Science Career page, with complimentary videos, posters, and career profiles. Other areas of the NIH site, such as NIH: For the Public, may also be of interest.
Online Texts
Kimball's Biology Pages
Modified from the author's text "Biology" published in 1944 by Wm. C. Brown. Search alphabetically or by search engine. There are a lot of diagrams.
NCBI Bookshelf
The bookshelf is growing number of biology reference boks that can be searched directly. Several important biology reference texts, such as" Molecular Biology of the Cell" by Alberts et. al, and "Immunology" by Janeway et. al, are available.